Welcome to Your Japanese Learning Hub

1. Master the Basics: Hiragana & Katakana (Kana): Before anything else, focus on learning the two phonetic scripts: Hiragana (ひらがな) for native Japanese words and grammar, and Katakana (カタカナ) mainly for foreign loanwords and emphasis. These are the absolute building blocks for reading and writing. Use the charts and quizzes below to practice them thoroughly.
2. Understand Pronunciation Rules: Learn about long vowels, double consonants, and combined sounds (explained in the Pronunciation section). Correct pronunciation is crucial for understanding and being understood.
3. Build Vocabulary & Grammar Foundations: Once you're comfortable reading Kana and understand basic pronunciation, start learning essential vocabulary (like greetings, numbers, common nouns/verbs found in the flashcards section) and fundamental grammar patterns (like sentence structure using です/ます, particles like は, が, を). Don't worry about complex grammar yet, focus on understanding and forming simple sentences.
4. Practice Consistently: Use flashcards, quizzes (like the ones here!), find simple reading materials, and try to listen and repeat. Even short, regular study sessions are more effective than infrequent long ones. Consistency is key!

This website is designed to help you solidify those crucial fundamentals: mastering Hiragana and Katakana, understanding pronunciation, learning core vocabulary, and testing your knowledge.

Beyond knowing the basic Kana sounds, understanding these rules is essential for correct pronunciation and reading.

1. Long Vowels (長音 - Chōon)

Long vowels are held for twice the duration of short vowels. How they are written depends on the script:

• Hiragana: Usually indicated by adding a specific vowel character after the syllable.
  • あ follows an 'a' sound (か + あ = かあ kā)
  • い follows an 'i' sound (き + い = きい kī)
  • う follows a 'u' sound (く + う = くう kū)
  • い follows an 'e' sound (け + い = けい kei) - Less commonly, え follows え (ね + え = ねえ nē)
  • う follows an 'o' sound (こ + う = こう kō) - Less commonly, お follows お (と + お = とお tō)
• Katakana: Indicated by a dash symbol (ー) called a chōonpu (長音符).

2. Double Consonants (促音 - Sokuon)

Represented by a small 'tsu' (っ in Hiragana, ッ in Katakana), the sokuon indicates a slight pause or "glottal stop" before the following consonant, effectively doubling its sound. It doesn't have a sound of its own, but affects the rhythm.

3. Combined Sounds (拗音 - Yōon)

These sounds are formed by combining a Kana character ending in 'i' (like き, し, ち, に, ひ, み, り, ぎ, じ, び, ぴ) with a small version of や, ゆ, or よ (ゃ, ゅ, ょ in Hiragana; ャ, ュ, ョ in Katakana). The 'i' sound and the 'y' sound merge into a single syllable.

Note: じ (ji), ぢ (ji), ず (zu), づ (zu) have special considerations, but the principle of combining with small や/ゆ/よ applies similarly (e.g., じゃ ja, じゅ ju, じょ jo).